まま

まま
noun
as is, unchanged state
1. as is, as it was, unchanged
Indicates that something remains in its current or original state.
(まど)()けたまま()た。
I slept with the window left open.
(くつ)()いたまま(いえ)(はい)らないで。
Don't come into the house with your shoes on.
電気(でんき)をつけたまま()かけてしまったので、(かえ)ったら部屋(へや)(あか)るかった。
I went out with the lights left on, so when I came back the room was bright.

まま indicates something remains in its current or unchanged state.

GRAMMAR PATTERNS:
1. Verb (た form) + まま: leaving something as is, while in a state
2. Noun + のまま: in the state of ~
3. い-adj + まま: while remaining (adjective state)

COMMON EXAMPLES:

  • (まど)()けたまま: with the window left open
  • ()ったまま: while standing
  • (すわ)ったまま: while seated
  • (ふく)()たまま: with clothes on
  • (くつ)()いたまま: with shoes on
  • そのまま: as it is, just like that
  • (むかし)のまま: unchanged from the past

NUANCE:
Often implies something was left in a state that might be unexpected or unintended: 電気(でんき)をつけたまま()た (fell asleep with the lights on).