あくまで

あくまで
adverb
to the end; persistently; strictly; only
1. to the end; persistently
Without giving up; continuing firmly until a goal is achieved.
あくまで自分(じぶん)意見(いけん)(とお)した。
They persistently stuck to their own opinion.
2. strictly; only; merely
Used to emphasize limitation - that something is limited to a particular scope or purpose.
これはあくまで参考(さんこう)です。
This is strictly for reference.
あくまで個人(こじん)見解(けんかい)ですが...
This is strictly my personal opinion, but...

KANJI:
Can be written as ()くまで, though hiragana is more common.

USAGE PATTERNS:

Sense 1 (persistent):

  • あくまで抵抗(ていこう)する (to resist to the end)
  • あくまで否定(ひてい)する (to persistently deny)
  • あくまで(たたか)う (to fight to the bitter end)

Sense 2 (limitation/qualifier):

  • あくまで参考(さんこう) (strictly for reference)
  • あくまで私見(しけん)ですが (this is just my opinion, but...)
  • あくまで目安(めやす) (just a guideline)
  • あくまで予定(よてい) (just a tentative plan)

NUANCE:
In sense 2, often used to disclaim responsibility or soften a statement. Very common in business Japanese to hedge assertions.

SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS:

  • どこまでも - to the end, everywhere
  • (だん)じて - firmly, absolutely