1.
despite; in spite of; although; even though
Formal expression for contrast between expectation and reality.
雨にも関わらず、試合は行われた。
Despite the rain, the match was held.
忙しいにも関わらず、手伝ってくれた。
Although she was busy, she helped me.
注意したにも関わらず、また同じ失敗をした。
Despite being warned, he made the same mistake again.
にも関わらず is a formal conjunction meaning "despite."
GRAMMAR PATTERNS:
- [noun] + にも関わらず
- [verb plain form] + にも関わらず
- [i-adjective] + にも関わらず
- [na-adjective + な/である] + にも関わらず
REGISTER:
Somewhat formal, often in written Japanese. In casual speech, のに is more common.
SIMILAR:
- のに - although (casual)
- けれども / が - but (neutral)