によって

によって
expression
by (means of), depending on
formalwrittenexpression
1. by, by means of (agent/cause)
Indicates the agent or cause of an action, especially in passive constructions.
This painting was painted by a famous artist.
It is prohibited by law.
The criminal was arrested by the police.
This novel was written by Natsume Soseki.
Many buildings collapsed due to the earthquake.
2. depending on, according to
Indicates that something varies or differs based on certain factors.
Opinions differ depending on the person.
The fee varies depending on the time.
Results differ depending on the case.
Customs differ depending on the country.
Depending on the weather, it may be canceled.
3. through, via (method/means)
Indicates the method or means by which something is accomplished.
They achieved success through effort.
We solved the problem through discussion.
I gathered information via the internet.
To change society through education.
To choose representatives through elections.

Formation: + よって (from よる 'to depend on, to be based on').

Forms

Common patterns

Passive agent: によって is the standard marker for the agent in formal passive sentences, as opposed to in everyday speech.