凌ぐ
しのぐ
verb (godan, transitive)
to endure; to surpass; to get through
Conjugation
| Affirmative | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| Present | 凌ぐ | 凌がない |
| Present polite | 凌ぎます | 凌ぎません |
| Past | 凌いだ | 凌がなかった |
| Past polite | 凌ぎました | 凌ぎませんでした |
| て form | 凌いで | 凌がなくて |
| ている present | 凌いでいる | 凌いでいない |
| ている polite | 凌いでいます | 凌いでいません |
| ている past | 凌いでいた | 凌いでいなかった |
| ている past polite | 凌いでいました | 凌いでいませんでした |
| Conditional ば | 凌げば | 凌がなければ |
| Conditional たら | 凌いだら | 凌がなかったら |
| Volitional | 凌ごう | — |
| Volitional polite | 凌ぎましょう | — |
| Potential | 凌げる | 凌げない |
| Passive | 凌がれる | 凌がれない |
| Causative | 凌がせる | 凌がせない |
| Imperative | 凌げ | 凌ぐな |
1.
to endure; to weather; to get through
To bear hardship or difficult conditions and survive through them.
寒さを凌ぐためにコートを着た。
I wore a coat to ward off the cold.
貯金で当面の生活を凌いだ。
I got by with my savings for the time being.
暑さを凌ぐために木陰で休んだ。
I rested in the shade of a tree to escape the heat.
急場を凌ぐために友人にお金を借りた。
I borrowed money from a friend to get through the emergency.
台風が来るまで、なんとかこの小屋で凌ごう。
Let's somehow get by in this hut until the typhoon arrives.
2.
to surpass; to exceed; to outdo
To go beyond or exceed something in ability, quality, or quantity.
彼の実力は師匠を凌ぐほどだ。
His skill is enough to surpass even his master.
売り上げが去年を凌いだ。
Sales surpassed last year's.
今年の暑さは例年を凌ぐものだった。
This year's heat exceeded that of a typical year.
弟子が師を凌ぐのは喜ばしいことだ。
It's a joyful thing when a student surpasses their teacher.
新作は前作を凌ぐ出来だと評判だ。
The new work is said to be of a quality that surpasses its predecessor.
TRANSITIVITY:
Transitive verb (他動詞). Takes を.
USAGE:
Sense 1 (endure) is common in expressions about weathering difficult situations:
- 寒さを凌ぐ - to ward off/endure the cold
- 暑さを凌ぐ - to cope with the heat
- 飢えを凌ぐ - to stave off hunger
Sense 2 (surpass) is often used with ほど:
- 〜を凌ぐほど - so much as to surpass ~
COMMON EXPRESSIONS:
- 露を凌ぐ - to take shelter from rain/weather
- 急場を凌ぐ - to get through an emergency
- 先輩を凌ぐ - to surpass one's senior
KANJI NOTE:
Can also be written as 淩ぐ, but 凌ぐ is standard.
REGISTER:
Neutral to slightly literary. Often found in written Japanese.