伴う
ともなう
verb (godan)
to accompany; to entail, to involve
自他動詞 transitive / intransitiveaction
Conjugation
| Affirmative | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| Present | 伴う | 伴わない |
| Present polite | 伴います | 伴いません |
| Past | 伴った | 伴わなかった |
| Past polite | 伴いました | 伴いませんでした |
| て form | 伴って | 伴わなくて |
| ている present | 伴っている | 伴っていない |
| ている polite | 伴っています | 伴っていません |
| ている past | 伴っていた | 伴っていなかった |
| ている past polite | 伴っていました | 伴っていませんでした |
| Conditional ば | 伴えば | 伴わなければ |
| Conditional たら | 伴ったら | 伴わなかったら |
| Volitional | 伴おう | — |
| Volitional polite | 伴いましょう | — |
| Potential | 伴える | 伴えない |
| Passive | 伴われる | 伴われない |
| Causative | 伴わせる | 伴わせない |
| Imperative | 伴え | 伴うな |
1.
to accompany, to go together with
To come along with something as a natural or inseparable companion.
2.
to entail, to involve, to bring with it
To necessarily include or require something as a consequence. Often used for risks, costs, or changes that come with an action.
伴う is used in both everyday and formal contexts to express that one thing comes with or brings along another.
Transitivity
- Type: Both transitive and intransitive
- Transitive: 〜を伴う (to bring along ~, to involve ~)
- Intransitive: 〜に伴う / 〜に伴って (to accompany ~, along with ~)
ASPECT (ている):
- 伴っている: is accompanied by, involves (ongoing state)
Common patterns
- 〜に伴って / 〜に伴い: along with ~, as ~ occurs
- 〜を伴う: to involve ~, to be accompanied by ~
- 危険を伴う: to involve danger
- 痛みを伴う: to involve pain
Usage: The pattern 〜に伴い is a more formal written alternative to 〜に伴って. Both mean "along with" or "as a result of."