兼(か)ねる

かねる
verb (ichidan, transitive)
to serve as both, to double as
他動詞 transitiveaction
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present兼(か)ねる兼(か)ねない
Present polite兼(か)ねます兼(か)ねません
Past兼(か)ねた兼(か)ねなかった
Past polite兼(か)ねました兼(か)ねませんでした
て form兼(か)ねて兼(か)ねなくて
ている present兼(か)ねている兼(か)ねていない
ている polite兼(か)ねています兼(か)ねていません
ている past兼(か)ねていた兼(か)ねていなかった
ている past polite兼(か)ねていました兼(か)ねていませんでした
Conditional ば兼(か)ねれば兼(か)ねなければ
Conditional たら兼(か)ねたら兼(か)ねなかったら
Volitional兼(か)ねよう—
Volitional polite兼(か)ねましょう—
Potential兼(か)ねられる兼(か)ねられない
Passive兼(か)ねられる兼(か)ねられない
Causative兼(か)ねさせる兼(か)ねさせない
Imperative兼(か)ねろ兼(か)ねるな
1. to serve as both, to combine roles
To fulfill two functions or roles simultaneously. The subject takes on a dual purpose.
This room doubles as a study.
The company president also serves as the sales director.
I went shopping, combining it with a walk.
2. to be unable to, to find it hard to
Used as a suffix after the stem of another verb (Vます + かねる) to express inability or reluctance to do something, often due to moral hesitation or difficulty. More formal than できない.
それはお答(こた)えしかねます。
I'm afraid I cannot answer that.
I find it difficult to agree with this proposal.
His behavior was something I could not understand.

Ichidan verb. Has two distinct usages that learners should master separately.

COMMON PATTERNS (Sense 1):

  • AがBを兼(か)ねる (A serves as B as well)
  • Aを兼(か)ねてBする (do B while also doing A)

COMMON PATTERNS (Sense 2):

  • Vます形(けい) + かねる (unable to V / reluctant to V)

This is a polite, indirect way of refusing or expressing inability. Very common in business and customer service.

Common collocations

Related words

  • かねない: the negative of sense 2 (Vます + かねない), meaning "might well": it warns that something undesirable could happen (誤解(ごかい)を招(まね)きかねない, it could well cause a misunderstanding).