1.
sanction, punishment, penalty
A punitive measure imposed on a person, organization, or nation for violating rules, laws, or norms.
経済制裁を科す。
Impose economic sanctions.
違反者には厳しい制裁が待っている。
Severe punishment awaits violators.
国連は全会一致で制裁決議を採択した。
The United Nations unanimously adopted a sanctions resolution.
Most commonly encountered in political and international contexts, especially regarding 経済制裁 (economic sanctions). Also used in organizational and social contexts for disciplinary measures.
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 経済制裁 (economic sanctions)
- 制裁を科す (impose sanctions)
- 制裁を加える (inflict punishment)
- 制裁措置 (punitive measures)
- 制裁決議 (sanctions resolution)