(きが)

きがね
noun, verb-suru
reserve; hesitation; diffidence
1. reserve; hesitation; restraint out of consideration for others
Holding back or feeling constrained because of concern about troubling, inconveniencing, or offending others. A characteristically Japanese social concept where one restrains oneself to maintain harmony.
気兼(きが)ねなく(はな)せる友人(ゆうじん)がいる。
I have a friend I can talk to without holding back.
隣人(りんじん)気兼(きが)ねして、(よる)音楽(おんがく)(ひか)えている。
Out of consideration for my neighbors, I refrain from playing music at night.
実家(じっか)にいると(なに)かと気兼(きが)ねするので、一人暮(ひとりぐ)らしの(ほう)(らく)だ。
Living at my parents' house means constantly holding back, so living alone is easier.

USAGE:
気兼(きが)ね reflects a deeply Japanese social dynamic of self-restraint out of concern for others' feelings or comfort. The most common form is 気兼(きが)ねなく (without reserve), used to describe relationships or situations where one can be completely at ease. As a する verb, 気兼(きが)ねする means to hold back out of consideration.

COMMON COLLOCATIONS:

  • 気兼(きが)ねなく: without reserve, freely
  • 気兼(きが)ねする: to hold back, to feel constrained
  • 気兼(きが)ねなく()ごす: to spend time without restraint
  • 気兼(きが)ねのない関係(かんけい): a relationship without reserve