1.
breaking through, penetrating
Physically breaking through a barrier, defense line, or obstacle by force.
敵の防衛線を突破した。
They broke through the enemy's defense line.
困難を突破して前に進む。
To break through difficulties and move forward.
台風が暴風域を突破して上陸した。
The typhoon broke through the storm zone and made landfall.
2.
surpassing, exceeding (a number or limit)
Exceeding a numerical milestone or limit. The figurative sense is extremely common in news and statistics.
来場者数が百万人を突破した。
The number of visitors exceeded one million.
売上が過去最高を突破した。
Sales surpassed the all-time record.
チャンネル登録者数がついに十万人を突破し、記念配信を行った。
The channel subscriber count finally exceeded 100,000, and a commemorative livestream was held.
USAGE:
Sense 2 (surpassing a number) is very common in news reports and statistics. The pattern is ~を突破する, where the object is the number or limit being exceeded.
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 壁を突破する: to break through a wall/barrier
- 百万を突破: to surpass one million
- 記録を突破する: to break a record
- 現状突破: breaking through the status quo