1.
weak; soft; not firm
Physically weak or lacking structural strength, especially of ground or foundations.
軟弱な地盤に建物を建てる。
To build on soft ground.
この土地は地盤が軟弱なので、補強工事が必要だ。
The ground here is soft, so reinforcement work is needed.
軟弱地盤の上に建てられたビルは地震の際に倒壊する危険がある。
Buildings constructed on soft ground are at risk of collapsing during earthquakes.
2.
spineless; weak-willed; feeble
Lacking mental strength, resolve, or backbone. Used critically of people or attitudes.
軟弱な態度を取るな。
Don't take such a spineless attitude.
政府の軟弱な外交姿勢が批判された。
The government's weak diplomatic stance was criticized.
あいつは見かけによらず軟弱で、すぐ弱音を吐く。
Despite his appearance, he's spineless and is quick to complain.
Compound of 軟 (soft) + 弱 (weak). Functions as a na-adjective: 軟弱な.
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 軟弱地盤 (soft ground — very common technical term)
- 軟弱な態度 (a spineless attitude)
- 軟弱な外交 (weak diplomacy)
USAGE NOTE:
In the physical sense (sense 1), 軟弱 is a neutral technical term used in construction and geology. In the figurative sense (sense 2), it is always critical, implying the person or policy lacks the strength needed for the situation.