1.
civilization and enlightenment; Meiji-era Westernization
A historical term for the rapid adoption of Western culture, technology, and institutions in Japan during the early Meiji period (1868 onward). The slogan captured the government's drive to modernize Japan by importing Western systems of government, education, infrastructure, and daily life.
Usage
A 四字熟語 used primarily as a historical term referring to the Meiji period. Literally means "civilization and enlightenment." Sometimes used humorously or ironically to describe the adoption of modern or foreign customs.
Common collocations
- 文明開化の時代 (the era of Westernization)
- 文明開化の象徴 (symbol of Westernization)
- 文明開化が進む (Westernization advances)
Cultural note
The phrase is closely associated with the early Meiji era (1868–1880s). Changes included adopting the Western calendar, wearing Western clothing, eating beef (previously taboo), and building brick buildings. The popular saying 「散切り頭を叩いてみれば文明開化の音がする」 (tap a Western-style haircut and you'll hear the sound of civilization) captures the spirit of the era.