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Kofun period (c. 250–538 CE)
A historical period in Japan named after the large keyhole-shaped burial mounds (古墳) built for powerful chieftains and early emperors. It marks the emergence of the Yamato state and roughly corresponds to the late third century through the early sixth century CE.
Composed of 古墳 (ancient burial mound) + 時代 (era, period). Named for the distinctive large burial mounds (kofun) built for rulers, many of which are keyhole-shaped and still visible today. Conventionally dated from around 250 to 538 CE, though exact boundaries vary by source.
Etymology
- Characterized by the rise of the Yamato court, which would become Japan's imperial line
- Major technologies introduced from the Asian mainland: ironworking, horse-riding equipment, wheel-thrown pottery (須恵器), and the Chinese writing system
- 埴輪 (haniwa) — clay figures of people, animals, and houses — were placed on top of and around kofun
- Ends conventionally with the formal introduction of Buddhism from the Korean kingdom of Baekje in 538
Related words
- 弥生時代: Yayoi period — the previous period, characterized by wet-rice agriculture
- 飛鳥時代: Asuka period — the following period, marked by the spread of Buddhism
- 前方後円墳: keyhole-shaped tomb — the most famous form of kofun, with a square front and round back
- 埴輪: haniwa — hollow clay figures placed on and around kofun
Usage
A standard historical term taught in Japanese elementary and middle school history classes. Appears frequently in museum displays, travel guides to archaeological sites, and news stories about newly discovered tombs.