1.
civil liability; civil responsibility
Legal responsibility under civil law for damages or losses caused to another party. This typically involves compensation through monetary payment, as opposed to criminal punishment.
加害者は民事責任を問われた。
The perpetrator was held civilly liable.
交通事故では刑事責任とは別に民事責任も発生する。
In traffic accidents, civil liability arises separately from criminal liability.
未成年者が損害を与えた場合、親が民事責任を負うことがある。
When a minor causes damage, the parents may bear civil liability.
A compound of 民事 (civil affairs/law) and 責任 (responsibility, liability). A fundamental legal term distinguishing civil disputes from criminal matters.
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 民事責任を負う — to bear civil liability
- 民事責任を問う — to hold someone civilly liable
- 民事責任を追及する — to pursue civil liability
- 民事責任が発生する — for civil liability to arise
SIMILAR WORDS:
- 刑事責任 — criminal liability (punished by the state through fines, imprisonment, etc.)
- 損害賠償責任 — liability for damages (a specific type of civil liability)
- 不法行為 — tort; unlawful act (a common basis for civil liability)
KEY DISTINCTION:
民事責任 is about compensating the victim (paying damages), while 刑事責任 is about punishment by the state. The same act (such as assault or a traffic accident) can give rise to both types of liability simultaneously.