(むかしむかし)

むかしむかし
expression
once upon a time; long, long ago
1. once upon a time; long, long ago
A formulaic opening for traditional Japanese folktales and fairy tales, equivalent to English 'once upon a time.' Signals that a story set in the distant, unspecified past is about to begin.
昔々(むかしむかし)、あるところに…
Once upon a time, in a certain place...
昔々(むかしむかし)、おじいさんとおばあさんがいました。
Long, long ago, there lived an old man and an old woman.
昔々(むかしむかし)(やま)のふもとに(ちい)さな(むら)がありました」と祖母(そぼ)(はな)(はじ)めた。
"Long, long ago, at the foot of a mountain there was a small village," my grandmother began.

The standard opening formula for Japanese folktales (昔話(むかしばなし)), used the same way as English "once upon a time." Almost always followed by あるところに ("in a certain place") to complete the opening formula.

COMMON PATTERNS:

  • 昔々(むかしむかし)、あるところに…: Once upon a time, in a certain place...
  • 昔々(むかしむかし)、おじいさんとおばあさんがいました: Long, long ago, there lived an old man and an old woman

CULTURAL CONTEXT:
This phrase is deeply associated with Japanese folktales such as 桃太郎(ももたろう) (Momotaro), 浦島太郎(うらしまたろう) (Urashima Taro), and 花咲(はなさ)かじいさん (The Old Man Who Made Flowers Bloom). Japanese children recognize this opening instantly, much like English-speaking children recognize "once upon a time."

RELATED TERMS:

  • (むかし): the base word meaning "the past; long ago"
  • 昔話(むかしばなし): folktale; fairy tale
  • めでたし、めでたし: "happily ever after" — the traditional ending formula that pairs with this opening