(あま)

あます
verb (godan, transitive)
to leave over; to leave (something) remaining; to have to spare
他動詞 transitiveaction
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present(あま)(あま)さない
Present polite(あま)します(あま)しません
Past(あま)した(あま)さなかった
Past polite(あま)しました(あま)しませんでした
て form(あま)して(あま)さなくて
ている present(あま)している(あま)していない
ている polite(あま)しています(あま)していません
ている past(あま)していた(あま)していなかった
ている past polite(あま)していました(あま)していませんでした
Conditional ば(あま)せば(あま)さなければ
Conditional たら(あま)したら(あま)さなかったら
Volitional(あま)そう
Volitional polite(あま)しましょう
Potential(あま)せる(あま)せない
Passive(あま)される(あま)されない
Causative(あま)させる(あま)させない
Imperative(あま)(あま)すな
1. to leave (something) over; to leave remaining
To leave a portion of something unused, unfinished, or unconsumed. The transitive counterpart of (あま)る.
(はん)(あま)した。
I left some rice over (didn't finish it).
I left a bit of the side dish over and saved it for my younger brother.
()きれず料理(りょうり)半分(はんぶん)(あま)してしまった。
I couldn't finish it and ended up leaving half the food over.
()してしまう adds the nuance of regret or unintended outcome.
2. to have (time/distance) to spare
Used in fixed expressions like ()(あま)して to mean 'with (time/distance) to spare' before reaching a deadline or destination.
(ちから)(あま)して()った
He won with energy to spare.
I arrived at the station with plenty of time to spare.
He finished writing the manuscript with an hour to spare before the deadline.

(あま)す is the transitive counterpart of (あま) (to be left over). The pair forms a classic transitive/intransitive set: someone (あま)す something, vs. something (あま) on its own.

Transitivity

Common collocations

  • 時間(じかん)(あま)す: to have time to spare
  • (ちから)(あま)す: to have energy/strength to spare
  • ()()時間(じかん)(あま)して: with (number of) hours to spare
  • ()(あま)す: to be unable to handle (a separate fixed compound — see related)

Usage

  • Sense 1 (leaving food/material over) is much less common in everyday speech than (のこ), which is the default verb for leaving food on a plate. (あま)す sounds slightly stiff or literary in this sense.
  • Sense 2 (時間(じかん)(あま)して, etc.) is the more frequently encountered pattern, especially in sports commentary and news.

Related words

  • (あま): intransitive counterpart — to be left over
  • (のこ): to leave behind (more common for food/items)
  • ()(あま)す: to be at a loss with; to find too much to handle