(むな)しい

むなしい
i-adjective
empty; futile; vain
literarydescriptive
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present(むな)しい(むな)しくない
Past(むな)しかった(むな)しくなかった
て form(むな)しくて(むな)しくなくて
Adverbial(むな)しく
Conditional ば(むな)しければ(むな)しくなければ
Conditional たら(むな)しかったら(むな)しくなかったら
1. empty; hollow; void
Describing something that lacks substance, meaning, or emotional fulfillment.
Nights spent alone feel empty.
(こころ)(むな)しくなった
My heart felt hollow.
(かれ)がいなくなって、部屋(へや)(むな)しく(かん)じられる
Since he's gone, the room feels empty.
2. futile; vain; pointless
Describing efforts or actions that are meaningless or produce no results.
努力(どりょく)(むく)われず、(むな)しさ(かん)じた
My efforts went unrewarded, and I felt a sense of futility.
No matter what I said, it was futile resistance.
It's pointless to say anything to someone who doesn't keep promises.

Forms

  • (むな)しい (dictionary/attributive)
  • (むな)しさ (noun form: emptiness, futility)
  • (むな)しく (adverbial: in vain, emptily)

Kanji variations

Can also be written as (むな)しい, though (むな)しい is more common.

Common expressions

Similar words

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Neutral to literary. Common in both casual and written contexts.