(むな)しい

むなしい
i-adjective
empty; futile; vain
1. empty; hollow; void
Describing something that lacks substance, meaning, or emotional fulfillment.
一人(ひとり)()ごす(よる)(むな)しい。
Nights spent alone feel empty.
2. futile; vain; pointless
Describing efforts or actions that are meaningless or produce no results.
努力(どりょく)(むく)われず、(むな)しさを(かん)じた。
My efforts went unrewarded, and I felt a sense of futility.
(なに)()っても(むな)しい抵抗(ていこう)だった。
No matter what I said, it was futile resistance.

FORMS:

  • (むな)しい (dictionary/attributive)
  • (むな)しさ (noun form: emptiness, futility)
  • (むな)しく (adverbial: in vain, emptily)

KANJI VARIATIONS:
Can also be written as (むな)しい, though (むな)しい is more common.

COMMON EXPRESSIONS:

  • (むな)しく()わる - to end in vain
  • (むな)しさを(かん)じる - to feel emptiness
  • (むな)しい努力(どりょく) - futile effort

SIMILAR WORDS:

  • やるせない - forlorn, helpless (more about suppressed emotions)
  • 物足(ものた)りない - unsatisfying, lacking (something is missing)
  • (はかな)い - fleeting, ephemeral

REGISTER:
Neutral to literary. Common in both casual and written contexts.