慎む
つつしむ
verb (godan)
to refrain from, to be prudent, to be careful
Conjugation
| Affirmative | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| Present | 慎む | 慎まない |
| Present polite | 慎みます | 慎みません |
| Past | 慎んだ | 慎まなかった |
| Past polite | 慎みました | 慎みませんでした |
| て form | 慎んで | 慎まなくて |
| ている present | 慎んでいる | 慎んでいない |
| ている polite | 慎んでいます | 慎んでいません |
| ている past | 慎んでいた | 慎んでいなかった |
| ている past polite | 慎んでいました | 慎んでいませんでした |
| Conditional ば | 慎めば | 慎まなければ |
| Conditional たら | 慎んだら | 慎まなかったら |
| Volitional | 慎もう | — |
| Volitional polite | 慎みましょう | — |
| Potential | 慎める | 慎めない |
| Passive | 慎まれる | 慎まれない |
| Causative | 慎ませる | 慎ませない |
| Imperative | 慎め | 慎むな |
1.
to refrain from, to abstain from, to restrain oneself
To hold back from doing something, especially something inappropriate or excessive. Often used for moderating behavior or avoiding indulgence.
2.
to be prudent, to be careful, to be discreet
To act with caution and discretion, being careful about one's words and actions.
Transitivity: Transitive (他動詞). Takes を particle: ~を慎む.
Conjugation: Godan verb (ma-row): 慎まない, 慎みます, 慎んで.
Nuance: 慎む conveys self-restraint and moderation. It's more formal than simple "やめる" and implies thoughtful control rather than just stopping.
Adjectival form: 慎み深い (prudent, discreet)
Common collocations
- 言動を慎む (to be careful with words and actions)
- 飲食を慎む (to moderate eating and drinking)
- 発言を慎む (to be careful with remarks)
- お体を慎んで (please take care of yourself)
Related words
Related Words
Synonym:
自重 (self-restraint)
Synonym:
控える (to refrain)
Synonym:
遠慮 (to hold back)
Related:
遠慮する (to hold back, be reserved)