1.
shogun, military ruler
The supreme military commander who held de facto political power in Japan, particularly during the Kamakura, Muromachi, and Edo periods. Short for 征夷大将軍.
徳川家康は初代将軍だ。
Tokugawa Ieyasu was the first shogun.
将軍は江戸城に住んでいた。
The shogun lived in Edo Castle.
鎌倉幕府は源頼朝が将軍に任命されて成立した。
The Kamakura shogunate was established when Minamoto no Yoritomo was appointed shogun.
2.
general (military rank)
A high-ranking military officer. Used in historical and modern military contexts.
将軍が軍を指揮する。
The general commands the army.
彼は若くして将軍に昇進した。
He was promoted to general at a young age.
戦場で将軍が自ら先頭に立って兵を率いた。
On the battlefield, the general personally led the troops from the front.
CULTURAL CONTEXT:
The full title is 征夷大将軍 (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians), abbreviated to 将軍. The 将軍 was the effective ruler of Japan during the feudal period, while the 天皇 (emperor) retained symbolic authority. The three major shogunates were:
- 鎌倉幕府 (1185–1333)
- 室町幕府 (1336–1573)
- 江戸幕府 (1603–1868)
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 征夷大将軍: shogun (full title)
- 将軍家: the shogun's household/family
- 将軍に任命される: to be appointed shogun