()

はる
verb (godan)
to stretch, to spread, to strain
自他動詞 transitive / intransitiveaction
See also: () (paste, stick)
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present()()らない
Present polite()ります()りません
Past()った()らなかった
Past polite()りました()りませんでした
て form()って()らなくて
ている present()っている()っていない
ている polite()っています()っていません
ている past()っていた()っていなかった
ている past polite()っていました()っていませんでした
Conditional ば()れば()らなければ
Conditional たら()ったら()らなかったら
Volitional()ろう
Volitional polite()りましょう
Potential()れる()れない
Passive()られる()られない
Causative()らせる()らせない
Imperative()()るな
1. to stretch, to spread, to extend
To stretch something taut or to spread something out over an area. Used for ropes, nets, tents, ice forming on surfaces, and similar things that extend or cover an area.
(いけ)(こおり)()った。
Ice formed on the pond.
テント()ってキャンプした
We pitched a tent and camped.
(にわ)蜘蛛(くも)()いっぱい()っている
The garden is full of spider webs.
2. to be tense, to stiffen, to strain
For muscles, nerves, or feelings to become taut or strained. Also used for one's voice projecting strongly.
(かた)()っている
My shoulders are stiff.
My nerves were on edge from the tension.
There was a tense atmosphere on the faces of the athletes before the match.
3. to be stubborn, to insist, to put on airs
To stubbornly hold to a position, to put on a brave front, or to act proud. Often used with words like 意地 or 見栄.
意地(いじ)()るな。
Don't be so stubborn.
I put on airs and bought expensive clothes.
Stop putting on a brave front and just honestly ask for help.

Usage

An extremely versatile verb with many uses. The core meaning involves something becoming taut, extended, or spread out. It can be both transitive (テント()る, to pitch a tent) and intransitive ((こおり)()る, ice forms).

Common patterns

Godan verb ending in る. Can function as both transitive and intransitive depending on context.

Common collocations