1.
kneeling on the ground; prostrating oneself
The act of kneeling on the ground and pressing one's forehead to the floor as an extreme gesture of apology, gratitude, or supplication. One of the most dramatic forms of showing deference in Japanese culture.
Usage
Performed by dropping to the knees and pressing the forehead to the ground with hands flat on the floor. It represents the most extreme form of apology or plea in Japanese culture. In modern usage, it sometimes appears in exaggerated or humorous contexts as well.
The verb form is 土下座する.
Cultural note
Historically, 土下座 was performed before feudal lords and officials as a sign of absolute submission. In modern Japan, it is reserved for the most serious apologies or desperate pleas. Forcing someone to perform 土下座 can constitute a criminal offense (強要罪).