(くろうさま)

ごくろうさま
expression
thank you for your hard work (to a subordinate)
1. thank you for your hard work; good job
An expression used to acknowledge someone's effort or labor. Importantly, it is typically used by a superior toward a subordinate or by someone receiving a service. Using it toward a social superior is considered rude.
配達(はいたつ)(ひと)に「ご苦労様(くろうさま)」と(こえ)をかけた。
I said "thanks for your work" to the delivery person.
部長(ぶちょう)残業(ざんぎょう)した社員(しゃいん)に「ご苦労様(くろうさま)」と()った。
The department head said "good work" to the employees who worked overtime.
(あつ)(なか)工事(こうじ)作業員(さぎょういん)たちに「ご苦労様(くろうさま)です」とねぎらいの言葉(ことば)をかけた。
In the heat, I offered words of appreciation to the construction workers, saying "Thank you for your hard work."

USAGE:

This expression is used to thank someone for their labor or effort, but it carries a hierarchical nuance. It is appropriate in the following situations:

  • A boss to employees
  • A customer to service workers (delivery, repair, etc.)
  • A host to workers at their house

CAUTION:
Using ご苦労様(くろうさま) toward a boss or social superior is widely considered rude, as it implies you are looking down on their effort. Use お疲(おつか)(さま)です instead when speaking to peers or superiors.

CONTRAST:

  • 苦労様(くろうさま) vs. お疲(おつか)(さま): お疲(おつか)(さま) is safe to use with anyone regardless of hierarchy. ご苦労様(くろうさま) should only be used toward subordinates or people providing a service to you.

VARIATIONS:

  • 苦労様(くろうさま)です (polite)
  • 苦労様(くろうさま)でした (acknowledging completed work)
  • 苦労(くろう)さん (casual, more familiar)