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きく
verb (godan)
to be effective; to work; to be possible
自動詞 intransitiveaction
See also: () (effective (効)), () (hear, listen, ask)
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present()()かない
Present polite()きます()きません
Past()いた()かなかった
Past polite()きました()きませんでした
て form()いて()かなくて
ている present()いている()いていない
ている polite()いています()いていません
ている past()いていた()いていなかった
ている past polite()いていました()いていませんでした
Conditional ば()けば()かなければ
Conditional たら()いたら()かなかったら
Volitional()こう
Volitional polite()きましょう
Potential()ける()けない
Passive()かれる()かれない
Causative()かせる()かせない
Imperative()()くな
1. to be effective, to work, to take effect
Describes something functioning properly or producing the intended effect. Used for medicine, brakes, air conditioning, seasoning, etc.
This medicine works well.
The air conditioning is working and it's cool.
It's an old car, so the brakes don't work well.
2. to be possible, to be able to do
Indicates that something can be done or is available as an option. Often used in the pattern ~が利く.
He's a flexible person.
This store accepts cards.
It's maneuverable, so even narrow roads are fine.

Written with the kanji ()く to distinguish from the homophones () (to listen/ask) and () (to be effective — more focused on medicinal or chemical effects). In practice, ()く and () overlap considerably for sense 1, but ()く covers the broader meaning of functioning or being available.

  • ()かない (negative)
  • ()きます (polite)
  • ()いた (past)
  • ()いて (te-form)

Common collocations

Related Words

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