(かなしば)

かなしばり
noun
sleep paralysis; being bound
healthculture
1. sleep paralysis
A condition where one is temporarily unable to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up. In Japanese folk belief, often attributed to supernatural causes.
金縛(かなしば)りにあった。
I experienced sleep paralysis.
夜中(よなか)金縛(かなしば)りにあって(こわ)かった
I had sleep paralysis in the middle of the night and it was scary.
Sleep paralysis is often caused by fatigue or stress.
2. being bound, unable to move
Being physically or metaphorically restrained, unable to act freely.
恐怖(きょうふ)金縛(かなしば)りにあったよう(うご)けなかった
I was so terrified I couldn't move, as if paralyzed.
Bound by regulations, we can't act freely.
I'm shackled by debt and unable to make a move.

金縛(かなしば)り literally means "bound with metal" and most commonly refers to sleep paralysis — the inability to move while falling asleep or waking up.

Common patterns

  • 金縛(かなしば)りにあう: to experience sleep paralysis
  • 金縛(かなしば)される: to be paralyzed, bound
  • 金縛(かなしば)かかる: to be struck by paralysis
  • 金縛(かなしば)()ける: for the paralysis to wear off

Cultural note

In Japanese folklore, sleep paralysis was traditionally attributed to supernatural causes — spirits or ghosts pressing down on the sleeper. This folk belief remains culturally significant, and many Japanese people describe the experience in supernatural terms even today.

Usage

Also used metaphorically for being unable to act due to fear, debt, regulations, or other constraints: 借金(しゃっきん)金縛(かなしば)される (to be shackled by debt).

Etymology

(かな) (metal) + (しば) (binding) — originally referred to being physically restrained with metal chains.