1.
and, moreover (listing reasons or qualities)
Connects clauses to list multiple reasons, qualities, or facts. Often used when giving more than one reason for a conclusion. Attaches to the plain form of verbs, adjectives, and the copula だ.
安いし、おいしい。
It's cheap, and it's tasty.
し is a conjunctive particle used to list multiple reasons, facts, or qualities. It implies that the listed items together support a conclusion, though the conclusion is sometimes left unstated.
Forms
- i-adjective: 高いし (it's expensive, and...)
- na-adjective: 静かだし (it's quiet, and...)
- verb (plain): 行くし (one goes, and...)
- noun + だ: 学生だし (one is a student, and...)
Contrast with other listing forms
- し lists reasons or supporting points, often implying a conclusion
- て-form simply sequences actions without implying reasons
- ～たり...～たり lists representative actions from a set
Note: The final し in a list can be followed by a conclusion, or the sentence can end with し to leave the implication unstated.