です
です
auxiliary
is, am, are (polite copula)
1.
is, am, are (polite copula)
The polite form of the copula, used to link a subject to a predicate noun or adjective in polite speech.
です is the polite copula in Japanese, equivalent to "is/am/are" in English.
FORMS:
- です: polite present/future
- でした: polite past
- ではありません / じゃありません: polite negative
- ではありませんでした: polite past negative
PLAIN EQUIVALENTS:
- だ: plain present
- だった: plain past
- ではない / じゃない: plain negative
USAGE RULES:
- Follows nouns: 学生です (I am a student)
- Follows な-adjectives: 静かです (It is quiet)
- Follows い-adjectives directly: おいしいです (It is delicious)
- Never use だ after い-adjectives: おいしいだ is incorrect
NOTE:
Using です marks polite (丁寧) speech. Omitting it (or using だ) signals casual speech. Most learners should default to です until comfortable with register switching.