1.
is, am, are (polite copula)
The polite form of the copula, used to link a subject to a predicate noun or adjective in polite speech.
です is the polite copula in Japanese, equivalent to "is/am/are" in English.
Forms
- です: polite present/future
- でした: polite past
- ではありません / じゃありません: polite negative
- ではありませんでした: polite past negative
Register
Plain equivalents
Usage
- Follows nouns: 学生です (I am a student)
- Follows な-adjectives: 静かです (It is quiet)
- Follows い-adjectives directly, as a politeness marker rather than a true copula (the adjective itself is the complete predicate): おいしいです (It is delicious)
- Never use だ after い-adjectives: おいしいだ is incorrect
Using です marks polite (丁寧) speech. Omitting it (or using だ) signals casual speech. Most learners should default to です until comfortable with register switching.
Related Words
Related:
だ (plain copula)