1.
to exert, to exercise
To have an influence or effect on something.
影響を及ぼす。
To have an influence.
環境に悪影響を及ぼす。
To have a negative effect on the environment.
この政策は経済に大きな影響を及ぼすだろう。
This policy will probably have a big impact on the economy.
2.
to cause, to bring about
To make something happen.
被害を及ぼす。
To cause damage.
危害を及ぼす。
To cause harm.
大雨が農作物に深刻な被害を及ぼした。
The heavy rain caused serious damage to the crops.
及ぼす means to exert, cause, or extend (an effect) to something.
TRANSITIVITY:
- Type: 他動詞 (transitive)
- Pair: 及ぶ (intransitive: to reach, extend to)
CONJUGATION:
Godan verb (す-ending): 及ぼす → 及ぼさない → 及ぼした
COMMON PATTERNS:
- 影響を及ぼす: to exert influence
- 悪影響を及ぼす: to have a bad effect
- 被害を及ぼす: to cause damage
- 効果を及ぼす: to have an effect
- 害を及ぼす: to cause harm
USAGE:
Often used in formal writing about cause and effect, especially regarding negative impacts. The particle pattern is typically: AがBに[noun]を及ぼす (A exerts [noun] on B).
EXAMPLE:
汚染が環境に悪影響を及ぼす。(Pollution has a negative effect on the environment.)