1.
thesis, academic paper, essay
A formal written work presenting research, arguments, or analysis on a particular subject, especially for academic purposes.
卒業論文を書いている。
I'm writing my graduation thesis.
卒業論文 = graduation thesis
論文を学会で発表した。
I presented my paper at an academic conference.
この論文は学術雑誌に掲載された。
This paper was published in an academic journal.
USAGE: 論文 specifically refers to academic or scholarly papers, theses, and dissertations.
COMMON PATTERNS:
- 論文を書く (to write a paper)
- 論文を発表する (to present a paper)
- 卒業論文 (graduation thesis)
- 修士論文 (master's thesis)
- 博士論文 (doctoral dissertation)
- 学術論文 (academic paper)
CONTRAST:
- 論文 - academic paper, formal research
- 作文 - essay, composition (school level)
- 記事 - article (journalism)