1.
unevenness; bumps and dips; irregularity of surface
Physical roughness or variation in height on a surface. Describes terrain, roads, or textures that are not flat or smooth.
道の凹凸が激しい。
The road is very bumpy.
凹凸のある地面は歩きにくい。
Uneven ground is hard to walk on.
この壁は凹凸が少ないので、塗装しやすい。
This wall has few bumps, so it is easy to paint.
凹凸 is a noun formed from 凹 (concave) and 凸 (convex). The two characters visually represent their meanings — 凹 looks indented and 凸 looks protruding.
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 凹凸がある (to have bumps)
- 凹凸が激しい (very bumpy/uneven)
- 凹凸のない表面 (a smooth surface)
USAGE NOTES:
Often appears in descriptions of roads, terrain, and materials. Can also be used figuratively to describe an uneven situation, though the literal usage is far more common.