1.
surface, outside
The outer layer or exterior of something.
水の表面に氷が張っている。
Ice has formed on the surface of the water.
表面張力について学んだ。
I learned about surface tension.
表面張力 = surface tension (physics)
机の表面を磨いた。
I polished the surface of the desk.
2.
outward appearance
What appears on the outside, as opposed to what is hidden or internal.
表面は平和に見えるが、内部では問題がある。
On the surface it looks peaceful, but there are problems inside.
表面的には仲がいいように見える。
On the surface, they seem to get along well.
表面的 = superficial, on the surface
表面上は賛成しているが、本当は反対だろう。
On the surface they agree, but they're probably against it in reality.
表面上 = superficially, ostensibly
USAGE: 表面 can be literal (physical surface) or figurative (outward appearance).
COMMON PATTERNS:
- 表面に (on the surface)
- 表面上 (superficially, on the surface)
- 表面的 (superficial)
- 表面を磨く (to polish the surface)
ANTONYM: 裏面 (reverse side, back surface)
Related Words
Antonym:
裏面 (reverse side)