(しょ)

しょ
prefix
various; many; all
1. various; many; several
Prefix indicating plurality or variety.
諸問題(しょもんだい)解決(かいけつ)する必要(ひつよう)がある。
We need to solve various problems.
(しょ) + 問題(もんだい) = various problems
諸国(しょこく)(たび)した。
I traveled to various countries.
(しょ) + (こく) = various countries
諸経費(しょけいひ)計算(けいさん)してください。
Please calculate the miscellaneous expenses.
(しょ) + 経費(けいひ) = various expenses

(しょ)〜 is a formal prefix meaning 'various' or 'all,' used primarily in written language.

COMMON COMPOUNDS:

  • 諸国(しょこく) (various countries)
  • 諸問題(しょもんだい) (various problems)
  • 諸経費(しょけいひ) (miscellaneous expenses)
  • 諸説(しょせつ) (various theories)
  • 諸事情(しょじじょう) (various circumstances)
  • 諸君(しょくん) (you all; ladies and gentlemen)
  • 諸島(しょとう) (islands; archipelago)

REGISTER:
This prefix has a formal, literary tone. In everyday speech, 色々(いろいろ)な or 様々(さまざま)な are more common for 'various.'

SIMILAR:

  • (しょ)〜 (formal; Sino-Japanese)
  • (かく)〜 (each; every) - focuses on individual items
  • 様々(さまざま)な (various) - neutral register