改竄(かいざん)

かいざん
noun, suru verb
falsification; tampering; alteration
1. falsification; tampering; alteration
illegally or improperly changing documents, data, or records
データを改竄(かいざん)する。
To falsify data.
公文書(こうぶんしょ)改竄(かいざん)は重大(じゅうだい)な犯罪(はんざい)だ。
Falsification of official documents is a serious crime.
研究(けんきゅう)データの改竄(かいざん)が発覚(はっかく)した。
Falsification of research data was discovered.

改竄(かいざん) refers specifically to fraudulent or illicit alteration of documents or data.

WORD TYPE:

  • Noun
  • Also used as する verb: 改竄(かいざん)する (to falsify)

KANJI NOTE:

  • 竄(ざん) is a rare kanji meaning "to alter, tamper"
  • Often written in mixed script: 改(かい)ざん
  • The full kanji form 改竄(かいざん) is more formal

CONNOTATION:

  • Always negative/criminal
  • Implies deliberate deception
  • Not used for legitimate editing

COMMON COLLOCATIONS:

  • 改竄(かいざん)する (to falsify)
  • データ改竄(かいざん) (data falsification)
  • 公文書(こうぶんしょ)改竄(かいざん) (falsification of official documents)
  • 改竄(かいざん)防止(ぼうし) (tamper prevention)
  • 改竄(かいざん)が発覚(はっかく)する (falsification is discovered)

USAGE CONTEXT:

  • Government scandals
  • Corporate fraud
  • Scientific misconduct
  • Cybersecurity (data integrity)

NEWS USAGE:

  • Very common in political scandals
  • 2017-2018 森友(もりとも)学園(がくえん) document falsification scandal
  • Academic fraud cases

RELATED TERMS:

  • 偽造(ぎぞう) (forgery - creating fake documents)
  • 捏造(ねつぞう) (fabrication - making up entirely)
  • 歪曲(わいきょく) (distortion, misrepresentation)

DIFFERENCES:

  • 改竄(かいざん): Altering existing documents
  • 偽造(ぎぞう): Creating fake documents
  • 捏造(ねつぞう): Completely fabricating information

REGISTER: Formal. Common in news, legal, and official contexts.

general
Added 2026.1.22 21:11 · Revised 2026.2.19 21:32
07500/07943_kaizan