1.
and, among other things
A particle used to list items non-exhaustively, implying there are more items not mentioned.
Similar words
- と - exhaustive listing: AとB = A and B (only these two)
- や - non-exhaustive listing: AやB = A, B, and others
Common patterns
- AやB (A, B, etc.)
- AやBなど (A, B, and so on)
- AやBやC (A, B, C, etc.)
Note: や is often used when giving examples from a larger set. It implies "these are some examples, but there are more."
Order: The items listed with や are typically of similar type or category.
Related Words
Compare:
と (exhaustive listing)