()

よむ
verb (godan)
to read
See also: () (compose a poem), () (noun form)
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present()()まない
Present polite()みます()みません
Past()んだ()まなかった
Past polite()みました()みませんでした
て form()んで()まなくて
ている present()んでいる()んでいない
ている polite()んでいます()んでいません
ている past()んでいた()んでいなかった
ている past polite()んでいました()んでいませんでした
Conditional ば()めば()まなければ
Conditional たら()んだら()まなかったら
Volitional()もう
Volitional polite()みましょう
Potential()める()めない
Passive()まれる()まれない
Causative()ませる()ませない
Imperative()()むな
1. to read
To look at and comprehend written text. Used for books, newspapers, signs, emails, and any written material.
(ほん)()む。
I read a book.
新聞(しんぶん)()んでいる。
I'm reading the newspaper.
この漢字(かんじ)()めます
Can you read this kanji?
(ちい)さい()()みにくい。
Small letters are hard to read.
I like reading books before bed and read a little every night.
2. to read aloud, to recite
To speak written words out loud, as in reading poetry or reading to someone.
Read it out loud.
()()む。
I recite a poem.
I read a picture book to the child.
The teacher read the textbook aloud for us.
Reading books aloud to my child every night is something I enjoy.
3. to guess, to predict
To anticipate or predict something, as in 'reading' a situation or someone's intentions. 空気(くうき)()む means to read the atmosphere/room.
空気(くうき)()んで。
Read the room.
I read the other person's feelings.
I act after predicting what will happen.
I was able to predict his next move.
People who can't read the room sometimes trouble those around them.

TRANSITIVITY: 他動詞(たどうし) (transitive). No pair verb. Pattern: Xを()む (read X).

ASPECT: ている indicates ongoing action. ()んでいる = 'is reading.'

COMMON PATTERNS:

  • (ほん)()む (read a book)
  • 新聞(しんぶん)()む (read newspaper)
  • 空気(くうき)()む (read the room - idiom)
  • (こえ)()して()む (read aloud)

Godan verb: te-form ()んで. Cultural: 空気(くうき)()む refers to understanding social cues. KY = 空気(くうき)()めない (can't read the room).