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よむ
verb (godan)
to compose (a poem), to recite
他動詞 transitiveliterarycommunication
See also: () (read)
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present()()まない
Present polite()みます()みません
Past()んだ()まなかった
Past polite()みました()みませんでした
て form()んで()まなくて
ている present()んでいる()んでいない
ている polite()んでいます()んでいません
ている past()んでいた()んでいなかった
ている past polite()んでいました()んでいませんでした
Conditional ば()めば()まなければ
Conditional たら()んだら()まなかったら
Volitional()もう
Volitional polite()みましょう
Potential()める()めない
Passive()まれる()まれない
Causative()ませる()ませない
Imperative()()むな
1. to compose a poem, to write verse
To create a poem, especially traditional Japanese poetry such as waka, tanka, or haiku. This is the primary meaning and is distinct from 読む (to read).
俳句(はいく)()む。
To compose a haiku.
She composed a poem about the changing of the seasons.
The Man'yoshu contains a great many poems composed about love.
2. to recite, to chant (a poem)
To recite or chant a poem aloud, especially in a formal or ceremonial context.
To recite a poem aloud.
歌会(うたかい)和歌(わか)()む。
To recite waka at a poetry gathering.
The poem composed by the Emperor at the New Year's poetry ceremony was announced.

Common patterns

  • ()む: to compose/recite (a poem)
  • ()んだ(うた): a poem composed about ~

Common collocations

Similar words

Do not confuse with () (to read). ()む specifically means composing or reciting poetry, while () is the general verb for reading. The kanji (えい) contains the (ごんべん) radical (speech) plus (えい) (eternal), suggesting words that endure — fitting for poetry.