(わか)

わか
noun
waka; classical Japanese poetry
1. waka; classical Japanese poetry
Traditional Japanese poetry, especially the 31-syllable tanka form (5-7-5-7-7), distinguished from Chinese poetry.
万葉集(まんようしゅう)には(おお)くの和歌(わか)(おさ)められている。
The Man'yoshu contains many waka poems.
和歌(わか)()む。
To compose a waka poem.
平安時代(へいあんじだい)和歌(わか)(さか)んだった。
Waka poetry flourished in the Heian period.

和歌(わか) literally means 'Japanese song/poem' (() = Japanese, () = song). It refers to traditional Japanese poetry as distinct from 漢詩(かんし) (Chinese poetry).

FORMS:

  • 短歌(たんか) (5-7-5-7-7): the most common form, often simply called 和歌(わか)
  • 長歌(ちょうか): longer poems with alternating 5-7 mora patterns

FAMOUS COLLECTIONS:

  • 万葉集(まんようしゅう): oldest anthology (8th century)
  • 古今和歌集(こきんわかしゅう): compiled 905 CE
  • 百人一首(ひゃくにんいっしゅ): 100 famous poems, still used in card games

COMMON EXPRESSIONS:

  • 和歌(わか)()む: to compose a waka poem
  • 和歌(わか)(しゅう): waka anthology

Note: 俳句(はいく) (haiku, 5-7-5) developed later as a separate genre and is not classified as 和歌(わか).