1.
central bank
A national bank that provides financial services to a country's government and banking system, and implements monetary policy.
中央銀行が金利を引き下げた。
The central bank lowered interest rates.
日本の中央銀行は日本銀行だ。
Japan's central bank is the Bank of Japan.
中央銀行の政策が経済に大きな影響を与える。
Central bank policies have a significant impact on the economy.
中央銀行 is a country's primary monetary authority, responsible for issuing currency, setting interest rates, and regulating the banking system.
WORD FORMATION:
中央 (central) + 銀行 (bank)
KEY FUNCTIONS:
- 金融政策の決定: deciding monetary policy
- 通貨の発行: issuing currency
- 金利の調整: adjusting interest rates
EXAMPLES BY COUNTRY:
- 日本銀行 (日銀): Bank of Japan
- アメリカ連邦準備制度 (FRB): Federal Reserve
- ヨーロッパ中央銀行 (ECB): European Central Bank
NOTE:
日本銀行 is abbreviated to 日銀 in news and everyday conversation. It is commonly read にっぽんぎんこう (official) rather than にほんぎんこう.