下(くだ)す

くだす
godan verb
to hand down, to pass (judgment); to give (an order)
1. to hand down, to pass judgment, to render a decision
To issue a formal decision or verdict from a position of authority. Most commonly used with judgment, decisions, and orders.
裁判所(さいばんしょ)が判決(はんけつ)を下(くだ)した。
The court handed down a verdict.
最終的(さいしゅうてき)な判断(はんだん)を下(くだ)すのは難(むずか)しい。
It is difficult to make a final judgment.
2. to give (an order), to issue (a command)
To issue an order or command from a superior to a subordinate.
上司(じょうし)が部下(ぶか)に指示(しじ)を下(くだ)した。
The boss issued instructions to the subordinates.

下(くだ)す is a transitive verb meaning to hand down from above. It is most commonly used in formal or official contexts with decisions, judgments, and orders.

CONJUGATION:

Godan verb (す-ending).

  • Negative: 下(くだ)さない
  • Polite: 下(くだ)します
  • Te-form: 下(くだ)して
  • Past: 下(くだ)した
  • Passive: 下(くだ)される

COMMON COLLOCATIONS:

  • 判断(はんだん)を下(くだ)す: to pass/make a judgment
  • 判決(はんけつ)を下(くだ)す: to hand down a verdict
  • 命令(めいれい)を下(くだ)す: to issue an order
  • 決断(けつだん)を下(くだ)す: to make a decision

NOTE:
Do not confuse with 下(くだ)さる (to give, honorific) or 下(くだ)る (to go down, intransitive).

general
Added 2026.2.21 11:56
12000/12329_kudasu