1.
rootstock; stock (in grafting)
In grafting, the rooted plant onto which a cutting from another plant is joined. The rootstock supplies the roots and often controls vigor and disease resistance, while the grafted part determines the fruit or flowers.
A gardening and farming term, used together with 穂木, the cutting grafted on top. Outside horticulture, 台木 can also mean a wooden block used as a base or stand.