1.
added later, retrofitted, after-the-fact
Something attached, added, or devised after the original was completed. Can refer to physical additions (equipment, parts) or abstract ones (explanations, reasons). Often carries a nuance that the addition is not as natural or convincing as something planned from the start.
Usage
When used about reasoning or explanations, 後付け implies the justification was constructed after the decision was already made, suggesting it may not be genuine. When used about physical objects, it simply means something was added to an existing structure or device.
Common patterns
Used as a noun (後付けで, as a retrofit) or as a の-adjective (後付けの理由, an after-the-fact reason).