()

やむ
verb (godan)
to be ill; to suffer
自他動詞 transitive / intransitivehealth
See also: () (cease, stop)
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present()()まない
Present polite()みます()みません
Past()んだ()まなかった
Past polite()みました()みませんでした
て form()んで()まなくて
ている present()んでいる()んでいない
ている polite()んでいます()んでいません
ている past()んでいた()んでいなかった
ている past polite()んでいました()んでいませんでした
Conditional ば()めば()まなければ
Conditional たら()んだら()まなかったら
Volitional()もう
Volitional polite()みましょう
Potential()める()めない
Passive()まれる()まれない
Causative()ませる()ませない
Imperative()()むな
1. to be ill; to fall sick
To become physically ill or to suffer from a disease. Often literary in tone.
He has been suffering from a stomach condition for years.
He fell ill from overwork and ended up being hospitalized.
2. to be troubled; to be mentally unwell
To suffer psychologically, to be in mental anguish, or to have one's mind or heart affected by worry or distress. Very common in modern usage, especially in the form 病んでいる.
(こころ)()む。
To become mentally ill.
That person seems to be in a dark place lately.
The online slander took a toll on their mental health.
There are not a few people who quit their jobs after becoming mentally worn down by work stress.

Usage

A godan verb (五段活用(ごだんかつよう): ()まない、()みます、()む、()めば、()もう). While the physical illness sense (sense 1) is somewhat literary, the mental health sense (sense 2) is very common in modern Japanese, especially among younger speakers.

Modern usage

The ている form ()んでいる (colloquially ()んでる) is widely used in casual speech and online to describe someone who seems mentally troubled, depressed, or emotionally unstable. This casual usage has become pervasive in youth language.

Common collocations

Related Words