止む
やむ
verb (godan)
to cease, to stop
See also:
病む (be ill, suffer)
Conjugation
| Affirmative | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| Present | 止む | 止まない |
| Present polite | 止みます | 止みません |
| Past | 止んだ | 止まなかった |
| Past polite | 止みました | 止みませんでした |
| て form | 止んで | 止まなくて |
| ている present | 止んでいる | 止んでいない |
| ている polite | 止んでいます | 止んでいません |
| ている past | 止んでいた | 止んでいなかった |
| ている past polite | 止んでいました | 止んでいませんでした |
| Conditional ば | 止めば | 止まなければ |
| Conditional たら | 止んだら | 止まなかったら |
| Volitional | 止もう | — |
| Volitional polite | 止みましょう | — |
| Potential | 止める | 止めない |
| Passive | 止まれる | 止まれない |
| Causative | 止ませる | 止ませない |
| Imperative | 止め | 止むな |
1.
to stop, to cease
For something ongoing to come to an end, especially natural phenomena like rain or wind.
TRANSITIVITY: 自動詞 (intransitive). Pattern: Xが止む (X stops).
ASPECT: ている indicates ongoing cessation is not applicable; the focus is on the moment of stopping.
COMMON PATTERNS:
- 雨が止む (rain stops)
- 風が止む (wind stops)
- 止まない (doesn't stop)
- 止みそう (looks like it will stop)
- 止むを得ない (unavoidable, can't be helped)
PRIMARY USAGE: Mainly used for natural phenomena (rain, wind, snow) and abstract things (pain, crying).
SET EXPRESSION: 止むを得ない (unavoidable, having no choice) is a very common fixed phrase.
CONTRAST WITH 止まる:
- 止む: natural cessation (rain stops, wind dies down)
- 止まる: stopping of movement (car stops, clock stops)