なる

なる
verb (godan)
to become
自動詞 intransitivechange
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Presentなるならない
Present politeなりますなりません
Pastなったならなかった
Past politeなりましたなりませんでした
て formなってならなくて
ている presentなっているなっていない
ている politeなっていますなっていません
ている pastなっていたなっていなかった
ている past politeなっていましたなっていませんでした
Conditional ばなればならなければ
Conditional たらなったらならなかったら
Volitionalなろう—
Volitional politeなりましょう—
Potentialなれるなれない
Passiveなられるなられない
Causativeならせるならせない
Imperativeなれなるな
1. to become, to turn into
To change to a different state.
春(はる)になった。
Spring has come.
To become a doctor.
暗(くら)くなってきた。
It's getting dark.
Please get well.
I want to become good at Japanese.
What do you want to do when you become an adult?
2. to result in, to end up
To have a particular outcome.
どうなりましたか。
How did it turn out?
What was the result?
The meeting ended up being canceled.
The conversation ended up being long.
Since the weather got bad, the field trip was moved to next week.

なる is a fundamental verb expressing change of state or transformation.

Transitivity

Common patterns

  • N + になる: to become N (医者(いしゃ)になる = to become a doctor)
  • い-adj stem + くなる: to become adj (高(たか)くなる = to become expensive)
  • な-adj + になる: to become adj (静(しず)かになる = to become quiet)
  • V-ようになる: to come to V, to reach a state where one V's

Common expressions

  • どうなる: what will happen?
  • Xということになる: it's been decided that X
  • Xになっている: is in the state of X
  • どうにかなる: it'll work out somehow

ASPECT (ている):
なっている describes a resulting state: 大人(おとな)になっている (has become an adult / is now an adult).

SIMILAR WORDS (なる vs 変(か)わる):
Both are intransitive verbs of change, but なる names the state arrived at, while 変(か)わる only says that something is no longer what it was. 信号(しんごう)が青(あお)になった says the light is now green; 信号(しんごう)が変(か)わった says only that it changed. なる therefore normally takes a に/く complement, and 変(か)わる often stands alone.

COMMON PATTERNS (になる vs にする):
The pair marks who is responsible for the change. Xになる = X comes about (中止(ちゅうし)になった = it ended up canceled); Xにする = someone decides on X (中止(ちゅうし)にする = we'll cancel it). Japanese often prefers になる even where the speaker did decide, because it presents the outcome as something that simply came about.

Writing

Usually written in kana. 成(な)る appears in set phrases such as 成(な)り立(た)つ and なるほど (成(な)る程(ほど)). Do not confuse it with the homophone 鳴(な)る (to ring, to sound), which is always written with 鳴(な)る.