〜化(か)

か
suffix
-ification; -ization (suffix)
1. -ification; -ization; turning into
Suffix attached to a noun or stem to indicate transformation into the state expressed by the base word. Forms abstract nouns and, with する, action verbs meaning 'to turn into X'.
計画(けいかく)を具体(ぐたい)化(か)する。
To make the plan concrete.
社会(しゃかい)の高齢(こうれい)化(か)が進(すす)んでいる。
The aging of society is progressing.
業務(ぎょうむ)の自動(じどう)化(か)によって、効率(こうりつ)が大幅(おおはば)に上(あ)がった。
Automation of operations has greatly improved efficiency.

Attaches to nouns or noun stems to form abstract nouns meaning 'the process of becoming X' or 'turning X into something'. With する, becomes a transformative verb. Highly productive in formal, journalistic, and academic writing.

COMMON COMPOUNDS:

  • 国際(こくさい)化(か): internationalization
  • 自動(じどう)化(か): automation
  • 高齢(こうれい)化(か): aging (of a population)
  • 具体(ぐたい)化(か): making concrete; realization
  • 民営(みんえい)化(か): privatization
  • 電子(でんし)化(か): digitization
  • 悪(あっ)化(か): worsening; deterioration

GRAMMAR:

  • Noun + 化(か)する: to turn into; to be transformed into
  • Noun + 化(か)が進(すす)む: ~ization is progressing
  • Noun + 化(か)を図(はか)る: to aim at ~ization
general
Added 2026.5.29 12:08
28000/28335_ka