1.
other than, except for, besides
Indicates exclusion of what precedes it.
日曜日以外は毎日働いています。
I work every day except Sunday.
これ以外に方法はない。
There's no method other than this.
私以外誰もいなかった。
There was no one besides me.
英語以外の外国語を勉強したことがありますか。
Have you ever studied a foreign language other than English?
家族以外の人にはあまり話さないけど、実は子供の頃海外に住んでいたことがある。
I don't really tell people besides my family, but I actually lived overseas as a child.
以外 means 'other than' or 'except.'
Grammar patterns:
- [noun]以外: other than [noun]
- [noun]以外に: besides [noun], other than [noun]
- [noun]以外の[noun]: [noun] other than ~
Note: Unlike English, 以外 comes AFTER the thing being excluded.
Similar expressions:
- 〜以外 vs. 〜の他に: Both mean 'besides,' but 以外 emphasizes exclusion, while 他に focuses on addition.
- 〜を除いて: more formal way to say 'except'