()

こす
godan verb
to exceed, to surpass
1. to exceed, to surpass
To go beyond a limit or amount.
予算(よさん)()す。
To exceed the budget.
気温(きおん)四十度(よんじゅうど)()した。
The temperature exceeded forty degrees.
参加者(さんかしゃ)百人(ひゃくにん)()して、会場(かいじょう)(はい)りきれなかった。
The number of participants exceeded a hundred, and they couldn't all fit in the venue.
2. to pass through, to tide over
To get through a difficult time.
(ふゆ)()す。
To get through the winter.
(きび)しい時期(じき)()して、やっと()()いた。
After getting through the tough period, things finally settled down.
何度(なんど)困難(こんなん)()してきた経験(けいけん)があるから、もう(こわ)くない。
Because I have the experience of getting through difficulties many times, I'm no longer afraid.

()す is a godan verb meaning to exceed or surpass a limit.

TRANSITIVITY:

  • Type: 他動詞(たどうし) (transitive)
  • Takes を particle: 〜を()

COMMON PATTERNS:

  • 予算(よさん)()す: to exceed the budget
  • 限度(げんど)()す: to exceed the limit
  • 予想(よそう)()す: to exceed expectations
  • 百万(ひゃくまん)()す: to exceed one million

KANJI DISTINCTION (same reading):

  • ()す: to exceed, surpass (abstract limits)
  • ()す: to cross over, pass through (physical movement)

SIMILAR:

  • ()える: same meaning (ichidan verb variant)
  • 上回(うわまわ)る: to surpass, exceed