1.
to cross, to go over
To pass over something like a mountain or border.
山を越す。
To cross a mountain.
冬を越す。
To get through winter.
国境を越す。
To cross a border.
峠を越した。
I crossed the mountain pass.
川を越す。
To cross a river.
危機を越した。
I got through the crisis.
2.
to move (residence)
To relocate to a new home.
引っ越す。
To move (to a new residence).
Common compound
来月引っ越す。
I'm moving next month.
新しいアパートに越した。
I moved to a new apartment.
田舎に越した。
I moved to the countryside.
子供が生まれるので、広い家に越すことにした。
Since we're having a baby, we decided to move to a bigger house.
3.
to exceed, to surpass
To go beyond a certain point or amount.
百万円を越す。
To exceed one million yen.
予算を越した。
It exceeded the budget.
記録を越した。
I broke the record.
期待を越す成果。
Results that exceed expectations.
先輩を越す。
To surpass one's seniors.
越す means to cross over, move past, or exceed something.
TRANSITIVITY:
Can be both transitive and intransitive depending on usage.
THREE MAIN MEANINGS:
1. To cross/pass over: 山を越す (cross a mountain)
2. To move residence: 新しい家に越す
3. To exceed: 予算を越す (exceed the budget)
COMMON COMPOUNDS:
- 引っ越す: to move (residence)
- 乗り越す: to ride past one's stop
- 追い越す: to overtake, pass by
- 年を越す: to see the New Year in
CONTRAST WITH 超える:
Both mean "to exceed," but 越す emphasizes physical crossing while 超える emphasizes surpassing limits.