1.
metabolism, renewal
The process by which the body converts food into energy and replaces old cells with new ones. Also used figuratively for the renewal or turnover of people or ideas in an organization.
Usage
新陳代謝 literally means "new replaces old" (新陳 = new and old, 代謝 = replacement/exchange). It is most commonly used in health and fitness contexts but can also describe organizational renewal. In medical or scientific contexts, 代謝 alone is often used (e.g., 基礎代謝 = basal metabolism).