落ちる
おちる
verb (ichidan)
to fall, to drop
See also:
落とす (transitive)
Conjugation
| Affirmative | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| Present | 落ちる | 落ちない |
| Present polite | 落ちます | 落ちません |
| Past | 落ちた | 落ちなかった |
| Past polite | 落ちました | 落ちませんでした |
| て form | 落ちて | 落ちなくて |
| ている present | 落ちている | 落ちていない |
| ている polite | 落ちています | 落ちていません |
| ている past | 落ちていた | 落ちていなかった |
| ている past polite | 落ちていました | 落ちていませんでした |
| Conditional ば | 落ちれば | 落ちなければ |
| Conditional たら | 落ちたら | 落ちなかったら |
| Volitional | 落ちよう | — |
| Volitional polite | 落ちましょう | — |
| Potential | 落ちられる | 落ちられない |
| Passive | 落ちられる | 落ちられない |
| Causative | 落ちさせる | 落ちさせない |
| Imperative | 落ちろ | 落ちるな |
1.
to fall, to drop
For something to move downward due to gravity. The intransitive form—the object falls by itself.
I want to get home before the sun sets, so let's go now.
日が落ちる = the sun sets
I fell down the stairs and hurt my leg, so I decided to stay home from school today.
2.
to fail (an exam)
To not pass an examination or test.
I didn't get the job.
に marks what you failed to get into; 落ちる = fail (selection/application)
3.
to come off, to be removed
For stains, dirt, or attachments to come off or be removed from a surface.
TRANSITIVITY: 自動詞 (intransitive). Pair: 落とす (transitive, to drop something). Pattern: Xが落ちる (X falls).
ASPECT: ている indicates resulting state. 落ちている = 'has fallen' (is lying on the ground) or 'is off' (for stains).
COMMON PATTERNS:
- 木から落ちる (fall from a tree)
- 床に落ちる (fall onto the floor)
- 試験に落ちる (fail an exam)
- 汚れが落ちる (dirt comes off)
- 雷が落ちる (lightning strikes—lit. 'falls')
- 日が落ちる (the sun sets)
NOTE ON KANJI: The vocabulary list shows 落る but the standard form is 落ちる with the ち included.
IDIOMS:
- 落ち着く (to calm down—compound verb)
- 気が落ちる (to feel down)
REGISTER: Neutral.