1.
examination, test, exam
A formal assessment of knowledge or ability.
試験に合格した。
I passed the exam.
来週試験があります。
There's an exam next week.
試験の準備をしているので、今日は遊べない。
I'm preparing for an exam, so I can't hang out today.
2.
experiment, trial
A test to see how well something works.
試験運転を行う。
We conduct a test drive.
新しい薬の試験をする。
We conduct a trial of the new medicine.
この製品は何度も試験をして安全性を確認した。
This product was tested multiple times to confirm its safety.
試験 means examination/test and also forms a suru verb for experiments/trials.
TWO MEANINGS:
1. Exam/test: 入学試験 (entrance exam)
2. Experiment/trial: 試験運転 (test drive)
COMMON EXPRESSIONS (EXAMS):
- 試験を受ける: to take an exam
- 試験に受かる: to pass an exam
- 試験に合格する: to pass (formal)
- 試験に落ちる: to fail an exam
- 試験勉強: studying for exams
TYPES OF EXAMS:
- 期末試験: final exam
- 中間試験: midterm exam
- 入学試験: entrance exam
- 運転免許試験: driving test
CONTRAST:
テスト is also used for tests, especially smaller classroom quizzes.